Silent Films Not to Be Missed Absolutely

Silent films are an important part of films history. These are films produced primarily from the silent film period, which spans from approximately the late 19th century to the 1920s, before the advent of sound in motion pictures. Silent films were characterized by the absence of dialogue synchronized with the action on the screen. The images were accompanied by live music performed by a pianist or orchestra, and sometimes even interstitial placards were inserted to communicate the information necessary to the audience to understand the plot. Most silent films are independent films produced by small production companies.

Despite the lack of dialogue, silent film directors and actors were able to tell engaging stories and excite audiences through the use of gestures, facial expressions, body movements, and on-screen action. Some of silent film’s most famous directors include Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, D.W. Griffith and F.W. Murnau. These filmmakers crafted cinematic artworks that have become classics, still admired and studied today. Charlie Chaplin, for example, is known for his ‘Tramp’ character and has directed and starred in films such as ‘City Lights’ and ‘The Great Dictator. Buster Keaton, on the other hand, was famed for his acrobatic prowess and physical humor, and is best remembered for films like ‘The General’ and ‘Sherlock Jr..

D.W. Griffith is considered one of the pioneers of cinema and his 1915 film “Birth of a Nation” is considered one of the masterpieces of silent cinema, although it is controversial for its racist content. F.W. Murnau, on the other hand, directed the famous expressionist film “Nosferatu – prince of the night” in 1922, an unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stoker’s novel “Dracula. Other notable silent films include Georges Méliès’ “A Trip to the Moon,” D.W. Griffith, Fritz Lang’s “Metropolis” and Robert Wiene’s “The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. Although the advent of sound has rendered silent films obsolete, their impact on the history of cinema is invaluable. Silent cinema laid the foundations for many of the narrative and cinematic techniques that are still used today. Furthermore, many silent films have been restored and preserved, allowing modern audiences to appreciate and study them as evidence of the birth of a cinematic art.

The Era of Silent Films

The era of silent films extends from approximately the late 19th century to the 1920s. During this period, films lacked synchronized sound and relied solely on moving images to tell a story. The beginnings of silent cinema date back to the 1890s, when the first motion recording experiments were made by inventors and pioneers such as Thomas Edison and the Lumière brothers. Over the years, silent films have become increasingly popular, with cinema evolving from simple shots of everyday life to elaborate narrative works. One of the first important films of silent cinema was “A Trip to the Moon” (1902) by Georges Méliès, a science fiction film that featured innovative special effects for the time. Méliès is considered one of the pioneers of cinematic art and contributed to the development of narrative and visual techniques.

In the United States, silent film reached its peak during the Hollywood film era. Many of the major motion picture studios that still exist today were founded during this period, such as Paramount Pictures, Warner Bros. and Universal Pictures. The studio system developed, creating a thriving film industry and giving birth to such stars as Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino, Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks. Silent cinema was characterized by a wide variety of genres, including comedies, dramas, historical films, adventures and action films. Some directors were able to take full advantage of the visual language of silent cinema, using innovative techniques such as editing, selective focus and the use of facial expressions to communicate emotion and narrative.

However, the silent film era came to an end with the advent of sound. In 1927, the film “The Jazz Singer” with Al Jolson was the first feature film with synchronized dialogue and marked the beginning of the sound era in cinema. The new technological development radically changed the film industry and led to the rapid disappearance of silent films. Nonetheless, the silent film era left a lasting imprint on the history of cinema. Silent films are regarded as cinematic treasures and many of them have been restored and preserved to be enjoyed today. These films are important testimonies of the evolution of cinematographic art and of the creativity of directors and actors who have been able to tell engaging stories without the use of sound.

Silent Film Directors

There were many very talented directors during the silent film era. Here are some of the major directors who have left a significant mark on the history of cinema:

1. D.W. Griffith: Considered one of the pioneers of cinema, Griffith directed several influential silent films, including ‘Birth of a Nation’ (1915) and ‘Intolerance’ (1916). He is known for his mastery of cinematic storytelling and editing techniques.
2. Charlie Chaplin: One of silent cinema’s most celebrated actors and directors, Chaplin is best known for his character The Tramp. He directed and starred in films such as “City Lights” (1931) and “The Great Dictator” (1940), demonstrating a unique combination of comedy, pathos and social commentary.
3. Buster Keaton: Known as “the great silent one”, Keaton was known for his elegant and physical style of comedy. He directed and starred in such films as “The General” (1926) and “Sherlock Jr.” (1924), which are considered masterpieces of silent cinema.
4. F.W. Murnau: German director associated with cinematic expressionism, Murnau is known for his horror film ‘Nosferatu’ (1922) and romantic drama ‘The Last Laugh’ (1924). He experimented with innovative visual techniques and contributed to the cinematography of the period.
5. Sergei Eisenstein: Russian filmmaker, Eisenstein is recognized for his contributions to avant-garde cinema and montage theory. His film “Battleship Potemkin” (1925) is considered a masterpiece of silent cinema and a milestone in the history of world cinema.
6. Fritz Lang: Austrian director known for his distinctive visual style and dark stories. He directed the famous science fiction film “Metropolis” (1927), which significantly influenced the genre and future cinematography.
7. G.W. Pabst: An Austrian director and key figure in German Expressionist cinema, Pabst directed such films as “The Road Without Joy” (1925) and “Pandora’s Box” (1929), the latter famous for the performance of Louise Brooks.

8. Ernest Lubitsch: German director who directed several successful silent films, such as “Lady Windermere’s Fan” (1925) and “The Prince Consort” (1927). He is known for his sophisticated comedy and his use of visual humour.
9. King Vidor: American director who spanned several genres during the silent film era, directing such films as “The Great Trail” (1925) and “The Crowd” (1928). He had a successful career in the sound era as well.
10. Carl Theodor Dreyer: Danish director known for his lyrical and contemplative style. His most famous silent film is “The Passion of Joan of Arc” (1928), considered a masterpiece of cinematic expressionism.
11. Cecil B. DeMille: American film director who directed epic and spectacular silent films, such as ‘The Ten Commandments’ (1923) and ‘The King of Kings‘ (1927). He also had a successful career in the sound era.
12. Abel Gance: French director known for his film “Napoleon” (1927), a historical epic that experimented with innovative and spectacular editing techniques.
13. Victor Sjöström: Swedish director who directed such films as ‘The Wind’ (1928) and ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade‘ (1926). He is considered one of the great directors of the silent film era.
14. Lois Weber: A pioneering American director, Weber was one of the first women to direct films in the United States. He directed such socially relevant works as “Shoes” (1916) and “Hypocrites” (1915).
15. Yasujirō Ozu: Japanese director known for his intimate and contemplative films. During the silent film period, he directed such films as “Tokyo Chorus” (1931) and “The Children of Tokyo” (1932).

These filmmakers contributed significantly to the cinematography of silent cinema, leaving a lasting legacy and influencing generations of subsequent filmmakers.

Silent Film Stars

During the silent film era, many stars achieved great fame through their performances on the big screen. Here are some of the major silent film stars:

1. Charlie Chaplin: Considered one of the greatest silent film actors and directors, Chaplin is best known for his character The Tramp. She captivated audiences with her comedic and heartwarming style, becoming one of cinema’s most recognizable icons.
2. Mary Pickford: Known as “America’s Sweetheart,” Mary Pickford was one of the first movie stars. He starred in a number of successful silent films, such as ‘Stella Maris’ (1918) and ‘Little Lord Fauntleroy‘ (1921).
3. Rudolph Valentino: Italian-American actor Rudolph Valentino has become an icon of silent cinema thanks to his romantic and sensual performances. Films such as ‘The Mark of Zorro’ (1920) and ‘The Son of the Sheik’ (1926) solidified his popularity.
4. Buster Keaton: Known as “the great silent one,” Buster Keaton was known for his acrobatic prowess and physical humor. He starred in and directed such films as “The General” (1926) and “Sherlock Jr.” (1924).
5. Greta Garbo: Swedish actress Greta Garbo captivated audiences with her beauty and emotional intensity. She starred in films such as ‘The Flesh and the Devil’ (1926) and ‘The Woman with Two Faces’ (1927).
6. Douglas Fairbanks: Known for his portrayals of action heroes, Douglas Fairbanks has mesmerized audiences with his athleticism and charisma. Films like ‘The Mark of Zorro’ (1920) and ‘Robin Hood‘ (1922) made him a silent film star.
7. Clara Bow: Clara Bow, nicknamed “the real It Girl,” was one of cinema’s first sex symbols. She appeared in films such as ‘It’ (1927) and ‘Wings‘ (1927), which earned her great popularity.
8. Gloria Swanson: Actress Gloria Swanson has become known for her portrayals of strong-willed women with commanding personalities. She is known for her role in the film “Sunset Boulevard” (1950), but she also starred in several successful silent films such as “The Smile of the Mona Lisa” (1925).
9. Lillian Gish: Considered one of the greatest silent film actresses, Lillian Gish has had a long career that has extended into the sound era as well. She is known for her performances in films such as ‘Birth of a Nation’ (1915) and ‘The Passion of Joan of Arc’ (1928).
10. Harold Lloyd: Harold Lloyd was a famous silent film comedian, known for his physical gags and stunts. He starred in and directed hit comedy films, such as ‘Safety Last!’ (1923) in which he made a famous scene where he climbs a tall building. Lloyd has become one of the most recognizable faces in silent cinema.

11. Louise Brooks: American actress Louise Brooks has become a silent film icon thanks to her distinctive style and bob haircut. She is famous for her role in the film ‘Pandora’s Box‘ (1929), directed by G.W. Pabst.
12. Lon Chaney: Known as “the man with a thousand faces,” Lon Chaney was a remarkable actor who played a wide variety of silent film roles. He is famous for his physical transformations and intense performances in films such as ‘The Hunchback of Notre Dame’ (1923) and ‘Phantom of the Opera’ (1925).
13. Clara Bow: Known as “the It Girl,” Clara Bow was one of the most popular actresses of the 1920s. She was loved for her charm and vivacious personality, and appeared in such films as ‘It’ (1927) and ‘Mantrap‘ (1926).
14. Pola Negri: Polish actress Pola Negri was one of the first international silent film stars. She starred in several successful films, such as ‘Lola’s Sin’ (1927) and ‘Passion’ (1928), and became one of the most popular figures in cinema at the time.
15. John Gilbert: American actor John Gilbert was one of the leading romantic actors of silent cinema. He is known for his performances in films such as ‘The Big Parade‘ (1925) and ‘The Broken Barrier’ (1929), alongside stars such as Greta Garbo.
16. Colleen Moore: American actress Colleen Moore was one of the most famous silent film flappers. She appeared in several successful films, such as ‘Flaming Youth’ (1923) and ‘Orchids and Ermine’ (1927).
17. Harold Chapin: Harold Chapin was a British actor and director who worked in silent film. He is known for his work in the film ‘A Corner in Colleens’ (1919) and other British productions of the time.

These are just a few of silent film’s most celebrated stars, but there are many more who helped make the silent film era unforgettable.

Silent Films in the World

During the silent film era, different productions and countries played a significant role in silent film. Here are some of the most important:

1. Hollywood (United States of America): Hollywood has become the mecca of silent cinema and the main center of film production. Major motion picture studios such as Paramount Pictures, Warner Bros., Universal Pictures and MGM have produced numerous successful silent films. Hollywood gave birth to many silent film stars and influenced world cinematography.
2. Germany: During the silent film period, Germany played a crucial role in film innovation. The German expressionist cinema, with directors such as F.W. Murnau and Fritz Lang, produced films of great visual and thematic impact. Works such as “The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari” (1920) and “Metropolis” (1927) have become classics of cinema.
3. France: France has had a significant influence on silent cinema with the art movement of avant-garde cinema. Filmmakers like Abel Gance have experimented with innovative visual techniques and non-linear storytelling. Films such as “Napoleon” (1927) are considered masterpieces of French silent cinema.
4. Italy: Italy has had a rich tradition of silent cinema, especially in the genre of melodrama and peplum (historical films). The Italian director Giovanni Pastrone directed the celebrated film “Cabiria” (1914), which has become a reference for historical epics of the period.
5. Soviet Union: Soviet cinematography played an important role during silent cinema, especially with directors like Sergei Eisenstein and Dziga Vertov. Films such as “Battleship Potemkin” (1925) and “The Tail” (1927) contributed to the editing theory and they addressed social and political issues.
6. United Kingdom: The United Kingdom has produced several successful silent films, including Charles Chaplin’s slapstick comedy and films by Alfred Hitchcock. British director Alfred Hitchcock began his career in silent cinema and directed such films as ‘The Boarder’ (1927) and ‘The Farmer’s Wife‘ (1928).
7. Japan: Japan has also had a significant production of silent films. Directors such as Yasujirō Ozu made works that reflected Japanese culture and society.

These countries and their productions left an indelible mark on the history of silent cinema and influenced the development of world cinema.

The End of the Silent Era

The silent film era began to decline with the advent of sound in cinema in the late 1920s. The first successful sound film, “The Jazz Singer” (1927), marked a significant turning point in the film industry. The ability to synchronize audio with image has opened up new storytelling and artistic possibilities.

The introduction of sound brought about a major change in the film industry. Many silent actors and directors have had to adapt to the new medium, while others have struggled to do so. Some silent stars had voices that didn’t match the audience’s expectations, which led to a rapid fall in their popularity.

The adoption of sound also required a great deal of technical effort. Theaters around the world had to install new sound systems and production costs soared. Some silent films have been converted to sound films through the addition of separately recorded dialogue and music, but this process has not always been accurate or effective.

Despite the changes, some silent filmmakers and actors have successfully adapted to the sound era and have continued to work in film. Others, however, saw their careers take a hit and disappeared from the film scene.

The transition to sound was gradual, but silent films became increasingly rare during the 1930s. Sound has established itself as a new standard and has opened up new possibilities for expression in cinema. However, the silent film era left a lasting legacy and many works from that period are still regarded as cinematic masterpieces.

The silent films that you absolutely must not miss

The Golem (1920)

Der Golem, wie er in die Welt kam” (also known as “The Golem”) is a 1920 German silent film directed by Paul Wegener and Carl Boese. It is one of the masterpieces of German Expressionist cinema and is based on the Jewish legend of the Golem.

The film is set in the 16th century in the Jewish ghetto of Prague, where the Jewish community is persecuted and lives under oppression. The local rabbi, Loew, played by Paul Wegener himself, tries to protect his Jewish people by creating a clay being called a Golem, which can be animated by an ancient spell. The Golem is a mythical figure of Judaism, a giant with superhuman strength, created to defend the Jews from external threats.

However, things take a dark turn when the Golem, once created, becomes increasingly uncontrollable and rebels against its creator’s control. The Golem falls in love with a young Jewish woman named Miriam and clashes with those who seek to harm the Jewish community. In the ensuing chaos, the Golem wreaks havoc and terror in the city.

The film explores themes such as power and its abuses, alienation, fear of the other and the thin line between man and creation. Through its expressionist style, characterized by suggestive sets and lighting, the film creates a dark and sinister atmosphere, reflecting the tension and anguish of the time.

The Golem” had a lasting impact on cinema and inspired many subsequent filmmakers, influencing the genre of horror and the depiction of monstrous creatures. It is considered a classic of German cinema and one of the first examples of fantastic cinema.

It is important to note that 1920’s “The Golem” is an earlier version of the film. Paul Wegener previously directed a film about the Golem in 1915, simply titled “The Golem”, which is considered lost. The 1920 film is a prequel to that story and represents the third and final film in the Golem series directed by Wegener.

Souls on the Road (1921)

Early Japanese silent films were known for their excessive benshi storytelling and simplistic imagery. This is said to have changed with the milestone film of Japanese silent cinema, “Anime on the Road” (Rojo no reikion). Director Minoru Murata has been celebrated as one of the pioneers who modernized Japanese silent cinema. Unfortunately, much of his work has been lost and he died at the age of 43 in 1937. Souls on the Road“, one of Murata’s few surviving films, was made with the intention of abandoning the highly theatrical influences of kabuki.

“Souls on the Road” features four intertwined storylines. It mainly tells of the fate of a penniless son who returns home with his family and the suffering of two kind fugitives. Based on Maxim Gorky’s “Slum Shop” and a German novel by Wilhelm August Schmidtbonn, it is a tale of Christian goodness set in a hostile winter landscape. Director Murata alternates erratically between the different storylines, which may initially confuse the viewer about the characters. This could also be due to the fact that it is a mounted version and not the full version.

Murata was probably inspired by the editing technique of D.W. Griffith in “Intolerance” (1916), which covered events taking place in four different historical periods. But despite the chaotic cuts in “Anime on the Road,” there’s a lot to admire: from storytelling techniques (including flashbacks and dissolves) to location shooting and relatively naturalistic performances.

Dr. Mabuse (1922)

Dr. Mabuse” is a 1922 German silent film directed by Fritz Lang. It is one of the masterpieces of German Expressionist cinema and gave rise to a series of films based on the character of the brilliant and manipulative criminal, Dr. Mabuse.

The film is set in 1920s Berlin and follows the exploits of Dr. Mabuse, a criminal mastermind who manipulates and controls people through his psychological abilities. Mabuse uses various identities and methods to carry out his crimes, including hypnosis and mind manipulation. The plot develops around the fight between Mabuse and the police commissioner von Wenk, who tries to unmask and stop his criminal activities.

The film deals with themes such as madness, corruption, power and manipulation. Lang explores the darkness of the human soul and the fragility of society in the face of evil and unscrupulous individuals. The narrative is gripping and suspenseful, with constant tension building up to the final climax.

Technically, “Dr. Mabuse” is known for its distinctive and innovative visual style. Lang uses lighting, camera angles and editing to create an atmosphere of unease and estrangement. The dream scenes and hypnosis sequences are particularly impressive and help convey Mabuse’s aura of mystery and power.

The character of Dr. Mabuse has become a cinematic icon and has inspired numerous subsequent adaptations and derivative works. The film had a lasting impact on the thriller genre and influenced directors such as Alfred Hitchcock. His portrayal of the charismatic anti-hero and organized crime broke new ground in entertainment cinema.

“Dr. Mabuse” is considered one of Fritz Lang’s masterpieces and a classic of German cinema. Its combination of gripping storyline, memorable characters, and innovative visual style makes it a film of great historical and artistic significance.

Waxworks (1924)

“Waxworks” is a 1924 German silent film directed by Paul Leni. It is a work of horror/fantasy genre which mixes elements of fairy tale and surrealism.

The film is divided into three episodes connected by a main narrative thread. Each episode is set in a different “Waxworks” scenario and features a unique story. In the first episode, “The Poet and Death”, a poet finds himself in a realm of nightmares where he tries to face Death. In the second episode, “The Slander”, a slanderer is transported into the world of his lies, where he faces horrible creatures. In the third episode, “The Fantastic Adventures of Harun al-Rashid”, the protagonist is catapulted into the ancient Arab world and faces adventures and dangers.

Waxworks” is known for its stunning stage design and unique visual style. Paul Leni exploits the expressive possibilities of the setting and costumes to create a fantastic and dreamlike world. The film uses a masterful use of light, shadow and distorted perspectives to create an eerie and surreal atmosphere.

The cast of the film includes Conrad Veidt, a famous German silent film actor, in the title role. His magnetic performance adds an element of poignancy and drama to the stories.

“Waxworks” is an innovative film for its time, which challenged the conventions of narrative cinema. Leni experiments with surrealism, the use of special effects and non-linear storytelling, anticipating the expressionist and fantastical style that would influence later cinema.

Despite being less well known than other films of the period, “Waxworks” is an important cinematic work and a significant example of 1920s German cinema. It is a film that helped consolidate the genre of horror and expressionism in the cinematic landscape of the time.

A Page Of Madness

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Drama, horror, by Teinosuke Kinugasa, Japan, 1926.
A page of madness is an independent film shot on a nearly non-existent budget and then lost for forty-five years. Fortunately the director rediscovered it in his archive in 1971. It is a film made by a group of Japanese avant-garde artists, the School of new perceptions. A movement that had as its objective to overcome the naturalistic representation. In a country asylum, in torrential rain, the caretaker meets patients with mental illness. The next day a young woman arrives who is surprised to find her father there who works as a caretaker. The woman's mother first went mad because of her husband when she was a sailor. The husband has decided to change jobs to stay close to his wife in the asylum and take care of her. Her daughter tells her father that she will marry soon, but the father is worried because he fears, according to popular rumors of the time, that the mother's mental illness will be inherited by her daughter. If the young husband and his family found out about his mother's madness, the marriage would fall apart. The caretaker tries to take care of his wife during her work as she gets beaten up by other inmates, but this interferes with her role and is scolded by the head of the asylum. Slowly the keeper loses contact with reality and its boundaries from the dream. He begins to daydream about winning the lottery when his daughter meets him again to tell him that his marriage is in trouble. The man thinks of taking his wife out of the asylum to hide her existence and solve every problem. Teinosuke Kinugasa is the director of some of the best Japanese films of the 1920s. A page of madness has been compared to the great German expressionist films. It is an experimental film, of extreme avant-garde, which seems to anticipate the atmospheres and themes that would have made David Lynch famous many years later. Nightmares, distortions, blurs, double exposures and photographic deformations: a film that explores the furthest boundaries of moving images. Then there are those masks set in an eternal succession of bars, locks and corridors that fuel the sense of fear and loss of the various protagonists to excess.Yasunari Kawabata, the writer of the story, won the Nobel Prize for literature in the 1968.

Without dialogue

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The Nibelungs (1924)

“The Nibelungs” (Die Nibelungen) is a 1924 German epic film saga, directed by Fritz Lang. The film is based on the medieval German epic known as “The Cycle of the Nibelungs” and tells a story of love, revenge, courage and tragedy.

The saga is divided into two parts: “The Death of Siegfried” (Siegfrieds Tod) and “The Treasure of the Nibelungs” (Kriemhilds Rache). The first part follows the adventures of the legendary hero Siegfried, while the second part focuses on the revenge of his wife, Kriemhild. The storyline involves dragons, wizards, betrayals, power struggles and epic battles.

“The Nibelungs” is known for its spectacular stage design and elaborate settings. Fritz Lang creates a fantastical and atmospheric world, full of detail and symbolism. The settings are sumptuous, with majestic castles, dark forests and mythical kingdoms, resulting in an epic vision of history.

The film uses innovative techniques for the time, such as the use of special effects, dynamic editing and the use of symbolic images. Lang experiments with lighting, camera angles and the use of camera movement to create a dramatic and immersive atmosphere.

‘The Nibelungs’ is also known for its memorable performances. Paul Richter plays Siegfried, bringing the character’s courage and strength to the screen, while Margarete Schön brings Kriemhild to life, embodying vengeance and determination. The performances of the actors help make the legendary characters vivid and memorable.

The film deals with universal themes such as love, jealousy, revenge and destiny. Explore human weaknesses and desires, showing how the actions of individuals can have tragic consequences. The Nibelungs” is an epic story of monumental proportions, reflecting the tensions and strife of the society of the time.

“The Nibelungs” is considered one of the greatest masterpieces of German cinema and a work of historical significance. The film influenced numerous subsequent directors, and its visual and narrative grandeur continues to captivate viewers to this day. It is a cinematic epic that transports audiences into a world of myth and legend, with gripping storytelling and unforgettable visuals.

The Thief of Bagdad (1924)

The Thief of Bagdad” is a 1924 film directed by Raoul Walsh and produced by Douglas Fairbanks. It is an epic silent film adventure that combines elements of magic, romance and action.

The plot of the film follows the exploits of Ahmed, played by Douglas Fairbanks, a noble-hearted thief who falls in love with the Princess of Baghdad, played by Julanne Johnston. Ahmed finds himself caught up in a conflict between the evil Vizier Jaffar (played by Snitz Edwards) and the young Califa (played by Sojin Kamiyama), and must overcome various trials and obstacles in order to save the princess and win her love.

“The Thief of Baghdad” is known for its spectacular stage design and innovative special effects for the time. The film uses the matte painting technique, which allows for the creation of fantastic backgrounds and breathtaking flight scenes. It is one of the first films to feature so extensively the use of special visual effects to create an imaginary world.

The film is also famous for the stunts and athletic performances of Douglas Fairbanks. His character of Ahmed is an adventurous and charming hero who proves himself brave and clever in his exploits. The action sequences are spectacular and immersive, with Fairbanks defying gravity and overcoming impossible obstacles.

The Thief of Bagdad” is a film that had a great impact on later cinema. He set the standard for epic adventures and influenced numerous film directors and productions. Its combination of visual spectacularity, romance and adventure made the film a classic of the genre.

In addition to its importance in the field of cinematic technology, “The Thief of Baghdad” also offers an engaging story and a magical representation of an exotic time and place. The film transports the viewers to a world of fantasy and enchants them with its stunning visuals.

The Thief of Baghdad” remains a beloved and well-regarded film for its visual beauty and compelling narrative. He is a silent film icon and represents one of the best examples of Douglas Fairbanks’ talent and creativity as an actor and producer.

Orochi (1925)

Buntara Futagara‘s Orochi is one of the earliest samurai action melodramas. It tells the timeless story of a man with an irascible but fair temper, crushed by a prejudiced and class-divided society. Set in 18th century Japan, the central character, Heizaburo, is played by Tsumasburo Bando, who became an iconic star of Japanese silent cinema. Heizaburo is a reliable and noble samurai, but he is repeatedly misunderstood by a narrow-minded society. Shut out of the world, he becomes the villain they say he is.

Like most silent films of the time, Orochi comes with the performance of the Benshi, which is a performer who provides voice and commentary in a theatrical manner. While the Benshi tradition was an integral part of the Japanese silent film era, Orochi is even more powerful when viewed without audio commentary. In particular, to appreciate Futagara’s captivating action sequences and production design. Furthermore, Bando as the anti-hero gives an engaging and passionate performance.

Mother (1926)

Mother” is a 1926 film directed by Vsevolod Pudovkin. It is based on the novel of the same name by Maxim Gorky and is considered one of the masterpieces of Soviet silent cinema.

The film is set during the Russian Revolution of 1905 and follows the story of a mother (played by Vera Baranovskaya) who joins the revolutionary movement after her son is killed during a peaceful demonstration. The mother finds herself involved in the struggle for social justice and becomes a symbol of resistance and courage.

Mother” is known for its emotional and engaging storytelling. Pudovkin uses cinematic language to depict his mother’s emotions and experiences, showing her inner conflict and her development as a revolutionary leader.

The film is also notable for its innovative editing techniques, which have become a hallmark of Pudovkin’s cinema. By using parallel editing and superimposing images, Pudovkin creates a sense of tension and drama, accentuating the film’s political message.

Mother” is a powerful portrayal of a mother’s struggle for justice and freedom. Explore themes such as class solidarity, self-sacrifice and the power of motherly love. The film also captures the turbulent atmosphere of the time and the revolutionary energy that permeated Russian society.

‘Mother’ was well received by critics and had a lasting impact on world cinematography. It is considered one of the key films of Soviet avant-garde cinema and influenced many subsequent directors. Pudovkin’s technical mastery and his ability to connect the individual to social struggle made him a leading figure in the history of cinema.

In addition to its political and social significance, “Mother” is also an example of artistic and narrative excellence in silent cinema. It is a film that continues to be studied and appreciated for its powerful depiction of the human condition and its emotional impact.

Battleship Potemkin

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Drama, war, by Sergej Eisenstein, Russia, 1925.
The revolt of the sailors of the battleship Potemkin and the citizens of Odessa against the ruthless police of the tsar, who reacts with reprisals and carries out a massacre. Sergej Eisenstein makes a film commissioned by Goskino, the office for cinematography and film production in the Soviet Union. It is a "propaganda" film for the celebration of the 1905 revolution, but Eisenstein makes it an experimental and grandiose work, destined to change the history of cinema and editing forever.

Food for thought
The revolution sees things in political terms, it presupposes that in order to transform man, the structure of society must be changed. But no revolution has ever succeeded in transforming man. The revolutionary wants to change society, the government, the bureaucracy, the laws, the political system. All revolutions have always failed miserably, and man has always remained the same. Revolutionaries are not needed to change the world, rebels are needed.

LANGUAGE: Russian
SUBTITLES: English, Spanish, French, German, Portuguese

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Metropolis (1927)

“Metropolis” is a 1927 German silent film directed by Fritz Lang. It is considered one of the masterpieces of avant-garde cinema and an icon of the science fiction genre. The film is known for its futuristic vision, its innovative production design and its social and emotional themes.

Metropolis” is set in a futuristic city divided into two social classes: the industrialists who live in the elegant upper city and the workers who spend their lives in oppressive conditions in the underground city. The plot revolves around the rebellion of workers led by a young revolutionary named Freder against the ruling system.

The film stands out for its extraordinary scenography and its architectural vision. The towering structures, bustling streets and futuristic imagery have made “Metropolis” a benchmark for the depiction of cities of the future in cinema. Lang creates a visually striking and inspiring world where technology advances at the expense of humanity.

In addition to the visual aspect, “Metropolis” deals with deep social and emotional themes. Explore social inequalities, class conflict and the struggle for social change. The film also features a complicated and poignant love story between Freder and Maria, a young woman who is committed to peace and equality.

The film also uses the innovative technique of editing and special effects to create visually impressive sequences. One of the most famous sequences is that of the female android, which is created to impersonate Maria and sow discord among the workers. This sequence influenced many subsequent science fiction films.

“Metropolis” has had a significant impact on cinematography and popular culture. His visual style and themes still influence contemporary cinema and visual culture today. The film has been restored and replenished over the years, allowing a new generation of moviegoers to appreciate its grandeur and timeless message.

“Metropolis” is a groundbreaking film that combines technical innovation, futuristic vision and a gripping story. He is an icon of avant-garde cinema and a reference in the science fiction genre. Its artistic legacy and cultural impact continue to make it one of the most influential and admired films in cinematic history.

Napoleon (1927)

“Napoleon” is a epic movie directed by Abel Gance in 1927. It is considered one of the masterpieces of silent cinema and one of the most ambitious films ever made for the time. The film chronicles the life of Napoleon Bonaparte, from his youth as a military officer to his rise as a general and political leader.

The film is known for its innovative cinematic techniques, such as the use of wide angle shots, wide screen (Polyvision) and the rapid editing technique. Abel Gance tried to experiment with cinematic language, using different camera angles, camera movements and visual effects to create a unique visual experience.

The original version of “Napoleon” was about 5 hours long, divided into several parts. The storyline covers many of the key events in Napoleon’s life, such as the French Revolution, the Italian campaign, the battle of Austerlitz and many more. The film also explores Napoleon’s rise as a charismatic figure and his impact on European history.

Napoleon’ received positive critical reception upon its release, but also ran into some financial difficulties. Despite this, the film has remained a landmark in cinematic history for its technical innovations and distinctive visual style.

In the following years, “Napoleon” underwent several versions and restorations. In 1980, director Kevin Brownlow made a restored version of the film, attempting to recreate Gance’s original cut. This version was shown worldwide and reignited interest in Gance’s film.

Abel Gance’s “Napoleon” is considered a work of cinematic art and a testament to the director’s vision and ambition. It represents a milestone in the history of cinema and a work that has influenced many subsequent directors.

The Crowd (1928)

The Crowd” is a 1928 film directed by King Vidor. It’s a drama movie which explores the life of an ordinary man and his struggle to find happiness and success in the metropolis of New York City.

The protagonist of the film is John Sims (played by James Murray), an ambitious young man who dreams of self-fulfillment and success in life. However, reality turns out to be much more difficult than he imagined, and John finds himself trapped in a mediocre job and a monotonous daily life.

The Crowd” deals with issues such as alienation, loneliness and social pressure. The film explores the challenge of being a unique individual in the midst of an anonymous and impersonal society. John struggles to find his place in the world and to make his dreams come true, but finds himself constantly pushed back by circumstances and society’s expectations.

The film is known for its realistic depiction of urban life and the innovative camera techniques used by Vidor. He introduced the use of long and complex takes, which allow the audience to immerse themselves in the busy life of the city and experience the emotions of the protagonist in an intense way.

‘The Crowd’ received good critical reception upon its release and is regarded as one of the best films of its era. It has been praised for its bold depiction of modern life and its ability to tug at the viewer’s emotional strings.

The film has also had a significant impact on cinematic culture. He influenced many subsequent directors, especially in the field of neorealism and auteur cinema. The crowd” demonstrated that cinema could be a tool for exploring complex and profound themes, going beyond simple entertainment narrative.

Over the years, “The Crowd” has been re-evaluated as a silent film classic and continues to be studied and appreciated for its poignant storytelling and portrayal of the human condition. It is a film that deals with universal themes and still manages to impress the audience today with its emotional strength and its realistic representation of life.

The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928)

The Passion of Joan of Arc” is a 1928 French silent film, directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer. It is considered one of the masterpieces of cinema and one of the most influential and acclaimed films of all time.

The film is based on the historical trial of Joan of Arc, the young French peasant girl who led troops during the Hundred Years War and was later tried and convicted of heresy. The focus of the film is mainly on the trial and on Giovanna’s emotional and physical sufferings.

One of the distinguishing features of “The Passion of Joan of Arc” is the intense and exceptional performance of Maria Falconetti in the role of Joan of Arc. Falconetti gives a moving performance, which focuses mainly on facial expressions, beautifully capturing the character’s anguish, determination and spirituality.

Visually, the film is known for its use of intense and detailed close-ups, which bring out the emotions of the characters. Dreyer also uses unusual lighting and camera angles to create an atmosphere of tension and drama. The editing is quick and incisive, helping to create a fast and engaging rhythm.

Dreyer’s direction focuses on the essentials, avoiding action scenes or elaborate historical reconstructions. The film is mainly shot indoors, using minimalistic and symbolic environments that highlight the psychology of the characters. This approach highlights Joan’s inner conflict and her struggle with her faith and identity.

The Passion of Joan of Arc‘ was a controversial film at the time of its release. Its intense portrayal of faith and powerful images have drawn mixed reactions from the public and religious authorities. However, over the years, the film has acquired an increasingly high reputation as a timeless cinematic masterpiece.

The combination of a powerful screenplay, extraordinary performances and masterful direction makes “The Passion of Joan of Arc” a film that addresses universal themes such as faith, courage and the fight for justice. It is a visual and emotional work of art that continues to be celebrated and studied in the field of cinema.

Intolerance

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Historical, drama, by David Wark Griffith, United States, 1916.
The Kolossal that changed the history of cinema by bringing ingenious and numerous innovations also to the cinematographic language. Made by Griffith as a response to accusations of racism for his previous film, Birth of a Nation. Four distinct stories over a span of 2,500 years told in parallel about the intolerance of humanity over the centuries: conflicts in ancient Babylon, adultery and crucifixion in the biblical history of Judea, the French Renaissance, social unrest and the crimes of history American of the early 1900s.

Food for thought
Man is perpetually in conflict and the cause of all conflict exists within. Human beings accumulate so much anger, madness, madness within themselves that they cannot help but explode into some new war. Man is divided internally, he speaks of peace and ends up creating a new war. In order to resolve the external manifestations of the conflict, the internal conflict must be resolved.

LANGUAGE: English
SUBTITLES: Spanish, French, German, Portuguese

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The Wind (1928)

The Wind” is a 1928 film directed by Victor Sjostrom, based on the novel of the same name by Dorothy Scarborough. It is considered one of the masterpieces of silent cinema and one of the first works to explore the psychological aspect and the isolation of women in rural North American society.

The plot of the film follows the young and vulnerable Letty Mason (played by Lillian Gish), who moves from the city to the country to live with relatives in the Texan Wild West. Letty finds herself struggling with the hardships of life in an inhospitable land, lashed by strong winds and loneliness.

The Wind” explores themes such as alienation, repressed sexuality and the struggle for survival. Letty’s character is constantly under external pressure from the surrounding wilderness and community, forcing her to conform to social standards and suppress her personal desires.

The film is notable for its powerful cinematography, which effectively captures the force and oppression of the wind through unusual angles and suggestive shots. Lillian Gish gives an amazing performance as Letty, conveying a wide range of emotions through her facial expressions and body language.

The Wind” was not a big commercial success at the time of its release, but it has been re-evaluated in the following years and is considered a classic of silent cinema. The film is praised for its intense storytelling and its portrayal of the inner struggles and oppression experienced by women.

Furthermore, “The Wind” is notable for offering a female perspective on life in the American frontier, going beyond the traditional storytelling dominated by male characters. The film influenced many subsequent filmmakers and helped redefine the role of women in cinema.

“The wind” represents a milestone in the history of cinema for its innovative treatment of complex psychological themes and for its ability to convey emotions through the visual image. It remains an example of auteur cinema and continues to be studied and appreciated for its relevance and artistic impact.

The Horse Ate the Hat (1928)

The Horse Ate the Hat” is a 1928 film directed by Rene Clair. It is a brilliant and playful comedy which is based on the play of the same name by Eugène Labiche and Marc-Michel. The film is known for its visual humor and satirical depiction of French bourgeois society at the time.

The plot revolves around Fadinard (played by Albert Préjean), a groom who, on his wedding day, loses his straw hat. This incident sets off a series of comic events and out of control situations, involving eccentric characters and unlikely situations.

“The Horse Ate the Hat” is notable for its lively direction and use of sight gags and slapstick. René Clair uses cinematic language to create a frenetic pace and captivating visual comedy. The film also makes use of creative use of editing and special effects, which contribute to its playful atmosphere.

The film was well received by critics and cemented René Clair’s reputation as one of the great directors of French cinema at the time. It is considered a classic example of the comedy of the period, which exploits absurd situations and eccentric characters to elicit laughter from the viewer.

“The Horse Ate the Hat” is also notable for its depiction of bourgeois society and the social conventions of the time. The film highlights the hypocrisies and rigidities of a social class that tries to preserve the image of respectability, despite human follies and weaknesses.

Despite being made in the silent film era, “The Horse Ate the Hat” has a visual energy and comedy that still endure today. It is a demonstration of René Clair’s ability to combine visual humor with cinematic storytelling and has influenced a number of later directors in the field of comedy.

“The Horse Ate the Hat” is considered a classic of French cinema and remains one of René Clair’s most famous works. It is a testament to his mastery of creating funny and enchanting films that continue to entertain and bring laughs to viewers of all ages.

The Cameraman (1928)

The Cameraman” is a 1928 film directed by Buster Keaton. It is a silent comedy that follows the adventures of a rookie cameraman played by Buster Keaton.

The plot of the film revolves around the character of Buster, an ambitious young man who decides to become a cameraman for a film production company. He meets a beautiful secretary (played by Marceline Day) and falls in love with her, trying to win her over and prove his worth as a cameraman.

“The Cameraman” is known for its ingenious comedy sequences and use of sight gags. Buster Keaton, renowned for his style of physical comedy, gives an outstanding performance, combining acrobatic skills with impeccable comic timing.

The film is also an opportunity to show behind the scenes of the world of cinema at the time. It depicts the production process of a film, showing the sets, crews and challenges cameramen faced in capturing images.

‘The Cameraman’ received positive reception upon its release and is considered one of Buster Keaton’s best films. He is appreciated for his intelligent humor and his ability to combine comic moments with touches of romance.

The film also represents a milestone in the career of Buster Keaton, who has demonstrated his extraordinary skills as an actor and director. “The Cameraman” is one of his most accessible and entertaining films, making him one of the great comedians of silent cinema.

Though made in the silent film era, “The Cameraman” continues to be recognized for its timeless comedy and Keaton’s technical mastery. It is a film that has influenced many subsequent directors and remains a classic of the visual comedy and comedy film tradition.

The Circus (1928)

The Circus” is a 1928 film written, directed and performed by Charlie Chaplin. It’s a comedy muta that tells the adventures of a tramp who finds himself working in a circus.

The plot of the film revolves around the tramp character (played by Charlie Chaplin), who involuntarily becomes a circus star thanks to his comedic clumsiness. Meanwhile, he falls in love with a horsewoman (played by Merna Kennedy) and tries to overcome obstacles to win her heart.

“The Circus” is known for its physical humor and the many sight gags that have become a Chaplin trademark. The film also features one of Chaplin’s most memorable sequences, where the tramp performs an acrobatic number with the monkeys, unaware that they have been set free.

In addition to laughter, “The circus” also offers moments of tenderness and emotion. Chaplin is famous for his talent for expressing genuine human emotion through his performance. The film deals with universal themes such as love, hope and the struggle against life’s difficulties.

The Circus” was a huge hit upon its release and received critical praise for its comedy and ability to touch the heart of the viewer. It is considered one of Chaplin’s best films and helped establish his status as a genius of cinematic comedy.

The film also represents an important technical advance in silent cinema. It was Chaplin’s first film to use synchronized sound, with a score composed especially for the film. While it doesn’t feature spoken dialogue, the sound adds an extra element to the viewing experience.

“The Circus” is a timeless classic that continues to be loved and enjoyed by viewers of all generations. It is a testament to Chaplin’s talent and creativity as an actor, director and comedian. The film represents his lasting contribution to the world of cinema and remains an icon of the silent film era.

Nosferatu

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When a young real estate agent, Thomas Hutter, goes to the castle to close a deal, Orlok is attracted by his blood and decides to follow him to his hometown. The arrival of the count causes a series of mysterious deaths and spreads panic among the inhabitants.

Murnau, through evocative images and disturbing atmospheres, creates a work that goes far beyond the simple adaptation of Stoker's novel. The film explores universal themes such as the fear of death, isolation and the loss of humanity. The production of Nosferatu was characterized by some legal difficulties due to the copyright of Bram Stoker's novel. Despite this, Murnau and his crew managed to make a film of great visual impact. The choice of Max Schreck to play Count Orlok was ingenious. His cadaverous appearance and his unnatural movements have made the character of Orlok one of the iconic monsters in the history of cinema. Over the years, Nosferatu has become a cult film, influencing generations of filmmakers and becoming a reference point for the horror genre. The image of Count Orlok, with his elongated nails and sunken eyes, has become an icon of horror cinema.

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An Andalusian Dog (1929)

“An Andalusian Dog”, also known as “Un chien andalou”, is a 1929 experimental film directed by Luis Bunuel in collaboration with Salvador Dalí. It’s a short film approximately 16 minutes long, known for its surrealistic and provocative nature.

The film does not have a linear plot or traditional narrative, but is made up of a series of bizarre and disturbing images and scenes. An Andalusian dog” challenges cinematic conventions and tries to stimulate the viewer’s unconscious through the use of dreamlike images and symbols.

The short film is open to multiple interpretations and is often considered a work of abstract visual art. It contains a series of surreal and disturbing sequences, such as the image of an eye being cut with a razor blade and a hand being impaled by a blade.

Buñuel and Dalí wanted to break with the conventions of traditional cinema and provoke strong reactions in the viewer. The film was made on a small budget and made the most of the imagination and creativity of the two artists.

“An Andalusian Dog” caused quite a stir upon its release, with many negative reactions from audiences and critics. However, it also attracted attention for its aesthetic innovation and its impact on the artistic culture of the time.

The film has become an important avant-garde work and a landmark for the cinematic surrealism. He has influenced many subsequent filmmakers and continues to be studied and appreciated for his pioneering nature and his ability to challenge narrative conventions.

An Andalusian dog” is an example of auteur cinema that focuses on the exploration of the unconscious and on the representation of images and symbols that go beyond the rational. It is one of Buñuel’s most celebrated works and one of the most iconic short films in the history of cinema.

The Blue Angel (1930)

The Blue Angel” is a 1930 film directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Marlene Dietrich and Emil Jannings. It is a drama that tells the story of a respectable professor who falls in love with a stripper and takes a descent into ruin.

The film takes place in 1930s Germany and focuses on the character of Professor Immanuel Rath (played by Emil Jannings), a rigid and moralistic man who falls under the spell of Lola Lola (played by Marlene Dietrich), a seductive singer of cabaret. Rath abandons his academic career and joins the world of burlesque to follow Lola.

“The Blue Angel” is known for being the film that launched Marlene Dietrich’s international career and established her status as an icon of sensuality and mystery. The film is a poignant portrayal of moral degradation and love obsession.

The film also represents a reflection on the destructive power of love and irrational passions. Professor Rath, initially a respectable and authoritarian man, is transformed into a man degraded and humiliated by his obsession with Lola. The theme of personal sacrifice for an impossible love is at the heart of the plot and offers a critical analysis of the dynamics of power in relationships.

The Blue Angel’ was a huge hit upon its release and garnered positive reviews from critics. It was also one of the first sound films made in Germany and marked a technical breakthrough in cinema at the time.

The film had a significant influence on later cinematography, influencing directors such as Rainer Werner Fassbinder and Billy Wilder. It is considered one of Josef von Sternberg’s masterpieces and a classic of German cinema.

The Blue Angel” is a film that explores universal themes such as love, desire, passion and moral fall. It is a gripping drama that mixes elements of realism and dreamlike atmosphere, thanks to Sternberg’s sophisticated aesthetics.

The film is a work of great artistic value and remains a landmark in the avant-garde cinema of the 1930s. Marlene Dietrich’s performance and von Sternberg’s direction combine to create an unforgettable cinematic experience.

Tokyo Chorus (1931)

Tokyo Chorus” is a 1931 Japanese film directed by Yasujirō Ozu. It is considered one of the director’s masterpieces and an important work of Japanese silent cinema.

The plot of “Tokyo Chorus” revolves around an employee named Shinji Okajima, played by Tokihiko Okada, who works in an insurance company. Shinji is a dedicated family man and a diligent employee, but his life is turned upside down when he is fired for an impulsive act defending a colleague.

Out of work and with a family to support, Shinji faces various difficulties in finding a new job. Meanwhile, he also has to cope with financial problems and social pressures. The film explores the daily tensions and struggles of a family in 1930s Tokyo, offering a realistic portrait of the working class of the time.

Tokyo Chorus” addresses issues such as human dignity, family responsibility, economic hardship and social dynamics. The film is known for its sensitivity to the characters and its human representation of the working class. Ozu explores the tension between individual desires and societal expectations, creating a moving and intimate story.

One of the distinctive aspects of “Tokyo Chorus” is Ozu’s use of innovative storytelling techniques. For example, the director uses alternate editing and pacing to create an engaging narrative. Additionally, the film is noted for its detailed staging and attention to the characters’ gestures and expressions.

“Tokyo Chorus” achieved great critical acclaim in Japan and helped establish Ozu’s reputation as one of the country’s foremost directors. The film represents a turning point in Ozu’s career and has influenced many subsequent directors.

Although it was made in 1931, “Tokyo Chorus” deals with issues that are still relevant today, such as economic precariousness, social pressure and the difficulties of family life. It is a work that still has the power to excite and make the public think even today, despite the fact that almost a hundred years have passed since its creation.

The Seashell and the Clergyman

A tormented priest is consumed by erotic and violent hallucinations involving a general’s beautiful wife. His fragmented psyche is visualized through a cascade of dissolved, superimposed, and illogical images that defy narrative coherence, representing his internal struggle with desire and repression.

Considered the first true surrealist film, predating even the more famous Un Chien Andalou, this work by Germaine Dulac is a foundational text of cinematic modernism. Its independent production allowed for an unprecedented exploration of Freudian psychology on screen. Dulac uses pioneering visual techniques not as mere special effects, but as a direct language for the unconscious. The film is also a crucial feminist text: a female director criticizing patriarchal institutions (church, army) and male sexuality, a perspective that provoked a hostile reaction from the then male-dominated surrealist movement.

Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans

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Drama, romance, noir, by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, United States, 1927
A big-city woman on vacation (Margaret Livingston) stays in a small lakeside town. After dark she goes to a farm where the man (George O'Brien) and his wife (Janet Gaynor) are looking after their child. She calls to the man from the fence outside. The man is undecided, but finally walks away, leaving his other wife alone. The man and also the woman meet in the moonlight and kiss passionately. She wants him to sell her farm to go with her to the city. When she suggests that he solve her wife problem by drowning her, he attempts to violently strangle her, but then completely changes his attitude towards her. When the man and her wife leave for a boat trip on the lake, he prepares to throw her into the water. But when she begs for her mercy, he realizes he can't do it. The man rows frantically for shore, and when the boat comes ashore, his wife flees in a panic.

Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans, directed by German director FW Murnau in his American film debut is based on Carl Mayer's short story "The Excursion to Tilsit", released in 1917.
Murnau chose to use the new Fox Movietone sound system, making Aurora one of the very first feature films with a synchronized soundtrack and sound effects. Janet Gaynor won the first Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her portrayal in the film. The film is now commonly regarded as a masterpiece, among the best films ever made. Many have called it the greatest film of the silent film age. Murnau, master of expressionist cinema, was invited by William Fox to make an expressionist film in Hollywood. The film's language and photography are revolutionary: elegant tracking shots, long sequences of pure action without dialogue in Murnau's signature style. The characters remain nameless, creating the perception of a universal story.

LANGUAGE: English
SUBTITLES: Spanish, French, German, Portuguese

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Un Chien Andalou

This short film rejects narrative in favor of a series of shocking, dreamlike vignettes. From the infamous opening scene of an eye being sliced by a razor, to ants emerging from a hand and pianos dragging putrefying donkeys, the film presents a visceral and rich psychoanalytic exploration of repressed desire, anti-clericalism, and bourgeois conventions.

Self-produced by Luis Buñuel with a loan, and written with Salvador Dalí based on their dreams, Un Chien Andalou is the definitive declaration of independence from narrative logic. The analysis goes beyond the famous “eye-slicing” to dissect the film as a direct attack on the viewer’s psyche. Recurring motifs, such as severed hands as symbols of castration anxiety and fetishism, and the critique of the Church, represented by priests tied to pianos, are explored through a Freudian lens. The film’s independence is the means to create a purely personal and uncompromising vision, a work that still retains its power to disturb and fascinate today.

Entr’acte

A chaotic and playful series of non-sequiturs, Entr’acte embodies the Dadaist spirit of irrationality and anti-art. The film features a cannon firing at the audience, a ballerina seen from below, a surreal funeral procession that turns into a mad chase, and objects that unexpectedly transform, all defying narrative logic.

Directed by René Clair from an idea by Francis Picabia to be screened during the intermission of the Dadaist ballet Relâche, this film is the cinematic incarnation of Dada’s joyful anarchy. Unlike the psychological horror of Surrealism, the independence of Entr’acte is used to celebrate pure, nonsensical movement and visual gags. The work is a satire of social rituals, particularly the funeral, which is ridiculed through the use of Keystone Cops-style slapstick. Its context as part of a larger multimedia event underscores its independence from the commercial cinema model, positioning it as a piece of performance art.

Ballet Mécanique

A rhythmic, non-narrative film that creates a “dance” from the interplay of machines, everyday objects, and fragmented human forms. Pistons, gears, kitchen utensils, and close-ups of eyes and mouths are edited into a kinetic and kaleidoscopic collage that celebrates the geometric beauty and incessant motion of the machine age.

A collaboration between Cubist painter Fernand Léger and director Dudley Murphy, Ballet Mécanique is a bridge between Cubism and cinema. Its independence lies in its radical subject matter: it replaces actors and stories with objects and rhythms. The film translates Léger’s post-war fascination with the aesthetics of the machine, the “magic of light on white metal,” into moving images. It is an “urban symphony” of objects, a deliberate attempt to create a new visual language free from theatrical and literary influences, a milestone of the “cinéma pur” movement.

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

A man named Francis recounts the terrifying story of Dr. Caligari, a mysterious carnival showman who uses a hypnotized somnambulist, Cesare, to commit a series of murders in a small town. The film’s world is a nightmare of twisted, painted sets and distorted perspectives, culminating in a shocking twist ending.

This film is a cornerstone of independent cinema and risk-taking. Produced by the small company Decla-Film before its merger with the giant UFA, its radical aesthetic was possible precisely because of this production freedom. Its mise-en-scène is not mere decoration but the externalization of the narrator’s fractured psyche, a visual representation of post-World War I trauma and distrust of authority. The independent spirit of Caligari is what allowed it to become “the first true horror film,” defining a genre through psychological terror rather than supernatural monsters.

The cabinet of Dr. Caligari

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Horror, fantasy, by Robert Wiene, Germany, 1920.
The symbolic film of cinematic expressionism. Francis tells a story to a man: in 1830, in a small town, a guy named Caligari, plays the barker at the fair to present the attraction of him, a sleepwalker that he holds under hypnosis in a coffin. The doctor argues that the sleepwalker is able to know the past and predict the future. Unreal atmospheres and deformed sets, stylized acting, split personality, confusion between dream and reality.

Food for thought
Personality from the Greek person means mask. Person comes from the word personality. Individuality is a gift of existence, personality is imposed by society. Personality follows the flock of sheep, individuality is a lion moving on its own. Until you let go of your personality you won't be able to find your individuality.

LANGUAGE: German
SUBTITLES: English, Spanish, French, Portuguese

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Within Our Gates

Sylvia Landry, a light-skinned African American woman with a traumatic past, travels North to raise funds for a struggling school for Black children in the South. The film uses flashbacks to reveal the brutal lynching of her family and confronts the realities of Jim Crow laws, racial violence, and the complexities of Black identity.

This is the oldest surviving film by an African American director, a seminal work of American independent cinema, and a powerful act of political resistance. Its independence was not a stylistic choice but a necessity to tell a story Hollywood would never touch. Micheaux uses the melodrama format to stage a searing critique of white supremacy, directly depicting the horror of lynching from a Black perspective. The complex portrayal of African American characters—heroes, villains, and race traitors—represents a radical break from the one-dimensional stereotypes prevalent in mainstream cinema.